High-performance sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are now closer to reality with the use of optimized carbon/tin composites as anode materials. This innovative solution offers a highly efficient alternative for energy storage, combining the benefits of high sodiation capacity and long cycling stability.
Introduction to Carbon/Tin Composites
Carbon/tin composites have been identified as promising candidates for improving SIBs. These materials are fabricated by dispersing tin oxide (SnO2) nanopowder into a fructose solution. The solution undergoes thermal treatment under an inert gas atmosphere. This process facilitates fructose carbonization and carbothermal reduction of SnO2, resulting in metallic tin formation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirm this conversion.
Manufacturing Process
The exploration of various thermal procedures helps optimize the composite’s performance. A single-step method with prolonged holding times and a two-step process have been investigated. The latter separates fructose carbonization from carbothermal reduction. The second step utilizes either conventional or ultrafast heating conditions. These tailored methods enable precise control over the material’s characteristics.
Performance Metrics
The composites display remarkable sodiation capacity and efficiency. A noteworthy low-carbon composite variant achieves an impressive initial sodiation capacity of 749.2 mAh g−1 during the first cycle. It also boasts a high initial cycle efficiency (ICE) of 83.2%. After undergoing 100 charge-discharge cycles at a rate of 37.2 mA g−1, the composite retains a capacity of 351 mAh g−1.
Rate Capability
One of the composite’s outstanding features is its excellent rate capability. Even when subjected to high current densities of 2380 mA g−1, it maintains a capacity of 344.5 mAh g−1. This property is crucial for applications requiring rapid charging and discharging, meeting modern energy demands.
Concluding Remarks
Carbon/tin composites represent a significant advancement in Sodium-ion Battery technology. They offer enhanced performance metrics, such as high capacity retention and rate capability. As research continues, these composites are poised to play a key role in the commercial deployment of SIBs. The future of energy storage looks promising with these next-generation anodes.
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