Sodium-ion batteries offer a compelling alternative to Lithium-ion batteries, primarily due to their cost-effectiveness and the abundance of sodium. The role of titanium (Ti) in electrode materials is crucial for optimizing the performance of sodium-ion batteries.
Introduction to Sodium-Ion Batteries
Sodium-ion batteries utilize the abundant element sodium in their operations, which makes them attractive for large-scale applications. An essential aspect of enhancing these batteries is incorporating titanium in electrode materials. This article discusses the functions and impacts of Ti in both anodes and cathodes of sodium-ion batteries.
Titanium in Anode Materials
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) stands out in the family of anode materials due to its stability and favourable electrochemical properties. Anatase TiO2, with its unique tetragonal unit cell, enables easier Na+ intercalation due to its 2D tunnel structures. A study reports that the anatase form allows Na+ ions to diffuse more efficiently compared to the rutile form.
Furthermore, TiO2 participates in reversible redox reactions. These reactions are pivotal because they contribute significantly to the battery’s capacity. In its anatase form, TiO2 can store approximately 140 mAh/g. This capacity arises from the sodium ions inserting and extracting while preserving the structure.
Titanium in Cathode Materials
In cathodes, Ti plays a different but equally important role. Here, Ti4+ is not active in charge transfer. However, its presence improves capacity and cycle performance through structural stability. Ti-doping in layered structures like NaxTMO2 helps mitigate Na+/vacancy ordering, leading to enhanced cycling stability. For example, Ti substitution in cathodes increases the lattice parameters, facilitating better ionic transport.
Structural and Electrochemical Benefits
The P2-layered Na0.66[Li0.22Ti0.78]O2 is a known anode material benefiting from Ti doping. This composition shows remarkable cycle stability with minimal volume changes during sodium insertion. In a study, this material exhibited a stable capacity of around 110 mAh/g after more than 1,200 cycles. This demonstrates titanium’s capability to maintain structural integrity over time.
Moreover, Ti-substitution in tunnel-type structures shifts them to open tunnels, which support reliable Na+ movement. This transition improves the overall electrochemical performance by preventing phase changes during cycling.
Conclusion
The integration of titanium into Sodium-ion Battery electrodes enhances their performance by providing structural stability and improving capacity retention. As sodium-ion technology advances, the role of Ti remains pivotal in creating more efficient and reliable energy storage solutions.
Disclaimer:
The content presented on this page has not been manually verified by our team. While we strive to ensure accuracy, we cannot guarantee the validity, completeness, or timeliness of the information provided. Always consult with appropriate professionals or sources before making any decisions based on this content.
The image is randomly selected and doesn’t necessarily represent the company or the news above.
